Cu

1、Copper Ore
Ores containing copper, primarily composed of copper compounds such as chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) and chalcocite (Cu₂S), serving as the main raw materials for copper extraction. Copper’s excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and malleability make it widely used in power cables, electronics, and building water pipes.

2、Copper Concentrate
Copper matte is a product obtained after copper ore undergoes crushing, grinding, and beneficiation (mainly flotation) processes, resulting in a significantly higher copper grade. The main minerals are sulfide ores such as chalcopyrite, with high sulfur and iron content, and rich in valuable elements such as gold, silver, and molybdenum. It is the core raw material for copper smelting, primarily produced through pyrometallurgical processes (flash smelting, pool smelting) to produce copper matte. It is a crucial intermediate product connecting mines and smelters.

3、brass
Brass is an alloy primarily composed of copper and zinc, often with the addition of lead, tin, and aluminum to adjust its properties. Its color varies with zinc content, ranging from reddish-yellow to pale yellow. It possesses excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and machinability. Brass is not a natural ore but is produced through smelting and compounding, and is widely used in the manufacture of musical instruments, decorative parts, valves, machine parts, and everyday hardware.

4. Copper ingots:
Copper ingots are crude copper obtained through pyrometallurgical processes from copper concentrate or scrap copper. They are typically in block or ingot form. Their copper content is generally between 95% and 98%, and they contain impurities such as sulfur, oxygen, iron, and small amounts of precious metals. Copper ingots are an intermediate product in the copper metallurgical process and require further refining (such as electrolysis) to improve their purity. They are commonly used in casting or as raw materials for refined copper.

5. Cathode copper:
Cathode copper is the end product of copper refining, produced through electrolytic refining or electrolytic deposition. Its purity typically reaches over 99.95%, and it is in the form of thin plates. It is the standard form of pure copper, with extremely low impurity content and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. It can be directly used to produce copper wire, copper foil, copper materials, and various high-end electronic and power equipment, making it the most important basic material in the copper industry chain.

6、Copper Scrap
Copper-containing scrap metal, industrial waste, and processing offcuts mainly originate from power cables, waste electrical appliances, auto parts, building pipes, and copper processing. It is an important recycled copper resource. Through recycling, sorting, and remelting, it can directly replace a portion of copper concentrate in the production of refined copper or copper alloys, which is crucial for conserving mineral resources and reducing smelting energy consumption.